do so, not because they were trying to obey his moral law, but simply because they believed the gospel. “The just shall live by faith.” Granted faith, assurance would follow: the ultimate future, rendered apparently more dangerous once purgatory was out of the question, could now be assured. Thus (again, the story is more complicated, but this will serve our purposes) there was born the famous Protestant and supposedly Pauline doctrine of “justification by faith.” It has given comfort to millions,